Photobiomodulation research is conducted in dose. Consumer devices are operated by time. Open almost any PBM paper and you’ll find a carefully reported protocol: wavelength, irradiance, treatment frequency, and delivered dose in J/cm². Dose is the controlled variable. It’s what researchers hold constant across subjects and what allows other groups to reproduce the work. If […]
Category Archives: Engineering notes
Three things have come together this month that, taken individually, are each meaningful progress. Together, they represent a hardware and software stack that does what it was designed to do: deliver a known, reproducible dose of light — measured in joules, not estimated. In photobiomodulation, dose — not electrical input power and not session duration […]


